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Objective:To investigate the effects of persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy on complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted in 784 pregnant women including 111 cases of persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and 673 pregnant women with normal thyroid function as control group. All women were registered and delivered in the Department of Obstetrics of our hospital from April 2016 to April 2017. The complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy in the two groups were analyzed.Results:Age, body weight before pregnancy, body mass index(BMI), 1 h plasma glucose and 2 h plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia group were higher than those in control group( P<0.05), with increased incidence of anemia during pregnancy( P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension between the two groups( P>0.05). No significant statistical differences were found in macrosomia, stillbirth, neonatal malformation, postpartum hemorrhage, acute delivery, premature delivery, fetal intrauterine development delay, and small full-term infants between the two groups( P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age( OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, P=0.002) and pre-pregnancy body weight( OR=1.0, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, P=0.046) were risk factors for the occurrence of persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimesters was associated with anemia during pregnancy( OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, P=0.024). Conclusions:Pregnant women who are older and heavier before pregnancy should pay more attention to their thyroid function. Pregnant women with persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimesters should be concerned for anemia.
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Objective:To understand the current management status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in county-level hospitals in China from 2020 to 2021.Methods:This survey was led by the China Association of County Hospital President. In 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 633 secondary and tertiary hospitals from 24 provinces, and the questionnaire was filled out according to the actual situation of the hospital in 2020, including diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and comprehensive management of COPD. The nature of the hospital was divided into public or private. The type of hospital was divided into general or specialist. The economic zones was divided into eastern, central or western. Through the content of the questionnaire, the influencing factors of the diagnosis, treatment and management capabilities of COPD in county-level hospitals were explored.Results:A total of 633 questionnaires were collected in this survey, and 26 were removed due to the incorrect information or information loss. Thus, a total of 607 questionnaires were finally included in this survey, including 425 secondary hospitals and 182 tertiary hospitals; 591 public hospitals and 16 private hospitals. For the capabilities of diagnosis and treatment, the tertiary hospital was significantly better than the secondary hospital on the availability of respiratory outpatient clinics, COPD outpatient clinics, outpatient comprehensive clinics, respiratory ward and intensive care unit (ICU) (94.5% and 78.4%, 51.1% and 32.7%, 79.7% and 67.3 %, 84.6% and 59.8%, 78.6% and 61.9%, respectively) (all P<0.01). In terms of lung function test and bronchodilation test, tertiary hospitals performed significantly better than secondary hospitals ( P<0.05). There was no difference in availability of inhaled bronchodilators and expectorant drugs among different hospital levels, nature, type, and economic zones ( P>0.05). However, the proportion of hospitals with available triple inhalation drugs was lower in secondary hospitals than tertiary hospitals. For the non-drug treatment, the proportion of general hospitals carrying out vaccination was significantly higher than that of specialized hospitals (52.7% and 28.1%, P=0.010). The tertiary hospitals performed significantly better than secondary hospitals in smoking cessation guidance (98.4% and 94.4%, P=0.031). In terms of rehabilitation, tertiary hospitals also performed significantly better than secondary hospitals (79.7% and 61.9%, P<0.001). The proportion of hospitals carrying out long-term management of COPD in tertiary hospitals was significantly higher than secondary hospitals, and the proportion in public hospitals was significantly higher than private hospitals (80.2% and 61.2%, 68.2% and 18.8%, both P<0.001). Conclusions:County hospitals in China have a good overall performance in the diagnosis and drug treatment of COPD, but need to be further improved in non-drug treatment, rehabilitation, and comprehensive management. The hospital level is the main factor affecting the management ability of COPD. The nature and type of hospital mainly affect the construction of departments and comprehensive management of COPD.
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Objective:To study the function and possible mechanism of Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis. Method:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol group, and positive drug group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the normal group, the pharynx of other groups were injected with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) to establish chronic pharyngitis rat model. After the modeling, the low-, medium-, and high-dose Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol groups were sonicated with 20 ml of 0.9% normal saline to dissolve the Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol 2.33, 4.66, 9.32 g/kg, respectively. The normal group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline, and the positive drug group was intraperitoneally injected with ampicillin sodium 0.93 g/kg once a day for 14 days. The pathological changes of pharyngeal mucosa were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nterleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein in pharyngeal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA in pharyngeal mucosa were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results:Compared with the model group, the serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels of rats in the Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol low-, medium-, high-dose group and the positive drug group were significantly reduced ( P<0.05). The expression of TLR-4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 protein in the pharyngeal mucosal tissue of rats in the low-, medium-, high-dose Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol group and the positive drug group were significantly reduced ( P<0.05). The expressions of TLR-4 mRNA (1.17 ± 0.41, 2.44 ± 1.06, 1.25 ± 0.34 vs. 3.87 ± 1.43), MyD88 mRNA (1.15 ± 0.53, 1.75 ± 0.36, 1.09 ± 0.14 vs. 2.44 ± 0.19), and NF-κB p65 mRNA (1.97 ± 0.51, 2.64 ± 0.26, 2.31 ± 0.44 vs. 5.08 ± 0.34) in the pharyngeal mucosa tissue of rats in the medium-, high-dose group and the positive drug group were significantly reduced ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Fufang-Zhongjiefeng aerosol can effectively treat chronic pharyngitis, which could inhibit the expression of TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB to reduce the expression of inflammatory factors so as to play the rold of anti-inflammatory effect.
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Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Yinzhihuang oral liquid on mice with high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6J female mice were divided into normal diet group, high-fat diet group and Yinzhihuang oral liquid group, with six mice in each group. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, oil red O staining and Masson staining, pathological scores of liver biopsy slices were calculated. Plasma levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were tested. The composition of bile acid in mouse ileum content were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which included tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and cholic acid. The expression of farnesoid Ⅹ receptor ( FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 ( FGF15), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 ( FGFR4) genes at mRNA and protein levels and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 27a1, CYP7b1, CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. T test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The levels of plasma triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, ALT and AST of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were all lower than those of the high-fat diet group ((1.47±0.07) mmol/L vs. (1.90±0.13) mmol/L, (2.57±0.17) mmol/L vs. (6.84±0.23) mmol/L, (0.88±0.22) mg/dL vs. (2.06±0.25) mg/dL, (28.43±3.16) U/L vs. (87.15±23.27) U/L, (147.40±8.47) U/L vs. (289.00±12.66) U/L, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.90, 15.19, 4.31, 2.50 and 9.58, all P<0.05). The scores of adiposis and ballooning of hepatocytes of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were lower than those of the high-fat diet group (1.00±0.26 vs. 2.33±0.33, 0.33±0.21 vs. 1.17±0.31, respectively), and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=3.90 and 4.90, both P<0.05). The levels of FXR antagonistic bile acids TβMCA and UDCA in ileal contents of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were both higher than those of high-fat diet group ((4.95±0.68) nmol/g vs. (2.64±0.15) nmol/g, (7.86±1.84) nmol/g vs. (2.22±0.38) nmol/g, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.92 and 2.99, both P<0.05). The level of FXR agonistic bile acid cholic acid of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were lower than that of the high-fat diet group ((4.69±0.46) nmol/g vs. (21.66±3.25) nmol/g), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.14, P<0.05). The expression of FXR, FGF15 in ileal tissues and FGFR4 in hepatic tissues at mRNA and protein levels of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were all lower than those of the high-fat diet group (1.86±0.40 vs. 4.25±0.70, 9.99±2.82 vs. 75.17±23.41, 4.76±0.63 vs. 12.66±1.39, 2.20±0.14 vs. 5.30±0.25, 1.15±0.05 vs. 3.05±0.16 and 1.73±0.09 vs. 2.37±0.21, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.56, 2.76, 4.87, 10.90, 10.96 and 2.94, all P<0.05). The levels of CYP27a1 and CYP7b1 in the alternative pathway of bile acid synthesis in Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were both higher than those in the high-fat diet group (2.13±0.33 vs. 0.50±0.09 and 2.95±0.60 vs. 0.37±0.19), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.22 and 3.20, both P<0.05). But the expression level of CYP8b1 in the Yinzhihuang oral liquid group was lower than that in the high-fat diet group (2.38±0.41 vs. 8.63±2.20), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.80, P<0.05). Conclusion:Yinzhihuang oral liquid can reduce NAFLD by promoting bile acid synthesis through changing the components of intestinal bile acids in mice and inhibiting FXR-FGF15 signal pathway.
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This paper reports a case of a male patient with diabetes for more than 20 years who came to see doctor due to weakness, poor appetite and significantly elevated blood glucose. At first, it was considered that the poor blood glucose control of diabetes was the reason, and the possibility of diabetes related complications already existed. Hospital routine examination indicated a globulin increase and immunologic examination indicated that IgM was mainly increased. Subsequent imageological diagnosis revealed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion, and after 2 weeks of hypoglycemic treatment, the blood glucose was significantly improved, but the symptoms still existed. In combination with the patient′s laboratory examination, considering the combination of blood system diseases, the hematology department was invited for consultation. Immunoelectrophoresis, bone marrow cytology, and flow cytometry were further conducted, and the patient was diagnosed with Waldenstrom macroglobulinebia. Bortezomib + dexamethasone regimen was given for chemotherapy. Currently, the patient has received 1 course of chemotherapy, and the symptoms of poor appetite were significantly improved. Coexistence of diabetes mellitus and Waldenstrom macroglobulinebia is very rare in clinical practice, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as a complication of diabetes mellitus, both of which can be manifested as poor appetite, weakness, peripheral neuropathy and other symptoms. When diabetic patients have abnormal immunoglobulin increases and other abnormal test results that cannot be well explained by diabetes, other potential disorders, such as hematological diseases, should be considered to avoid missed diagnosis.
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This paper reports a case of a male patient with diabetes for more than 20 years who came to see doctor due to weakness, poor appetite and significantly elevated blood glucose. At first, it was considered that the poor blood glucose control of diabetes was the reason, and the possibility of diabetes related complications already existed. Hospital routine examination indicated a globulin increase and immunologic examination indicated that IgM was mainly increased. Subsequent imageological diagnosis revealed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion, and after 2 weeks of hypoglycemic treatment, the blood glucose was significantly improved, but the symptoms still existed. In combination with the patient' s laboratory examination, considering the combination of blood system diseases, the hematology department was invited for consultation. Immunoelectrophoresis, bone marrow cytology, and flow cytometry were further conducted, and the patient was diagnosed with Waldenstrom macroglobulinebia. Bortezomib+dexamethasone regimen was given for chemotherapy. Currently, the patient has received 1 course of chemotherapy, and the symptoms of poor appetite were significantly improved. Coexistence of diabetes mellitus and Waldenstrom macroglobulinebia is very rare in clinical practice, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as a complication of diabetes mellitus, both of which can be manifested as poor appetite, weakness, peripheral neuropathy and other symptoms. When diabetic patients have abnormal immunoglobulin increases and other abnormal test results that cannot be well explained by diabetes, other potential disorders, such as hematological diseases, should be considered to avoid missed diagnosis.
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Objective To study the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on emergence agitation in children undergoing cochlear implantation.Methods Sixty patients (age range,1-4 years) scheduled to undergo pediatric cochlear implantation were enrolled and randomized into the TEAS group (group T,n =30) that received continuous TEAS and the control group (group C,n =30) that did not receive TEAS.Anesthesia time,operation time,change in blood flow dynamics during the perioperative period,extubation time,and PACU stay time were recorded.The incidence of emergence agitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was monitored.Results No significant intergroup differences were observed in age,sex,weight,operation time,and PACU stay time (P ＞ 0.05).The MAP and HR in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points such as 30 min after the start of surgery,the end of the surgery,the extubation and 5 min after extubation,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The FPS-R,FLACC,and PAED scores in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points within 30 min after exmbation (including the time of extubation),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Extubation time,anesthesia time,and incidence of PONV were lower in group T than in group C,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TEAS combined with general anesthesia significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery for congenital hearing loss;it also helps control hypotension,reheve dramatic hemodynamic changes during the waking period,and reduce the incidence of PONV.
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Objective@#To investigate the pathogen spectrum distribution and drug resistance of febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases in Shanghai.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical isolates from the febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in the departments of hematology in 12 general hospitals in Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2014. The drug susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility data.@*Results@#A total of 1 260 clinical isolates were collected from the febrile neutropenic patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 33.3% and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.5%) , Escherichia coli (9.1%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (6.6%) , Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (5.0%) were ranked in the first 7 of all pathogens. In the respiratory tract secretions specimens, non-fermented strains accounted for 56.2%. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accounted for 15.2%. Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 42.3% (104/246) and 32.6% (85/246) respectively in blood samples. Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacteria accounted for 39.4% (76/193) and 28.5% (55/193) respectively in pus specimens. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 54.3% and 82.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus bacterial strain was not found to be resistant to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The detection rate of Enterococcus vancomycin-resistant strains was 8.9%. Enterococcus was not detected resistance to oxazolidinone strains. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were highly sensitive to carbapenems. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem was 34.1% and 15.8%, respectively. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was more sensitive to minocycline hydrochloride, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii only to cefoperazone-sulbactam was less than 10.0%. The antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii to most of common antibiotics was lower than that of the CHINET surveillance.@*Conclusions@#The pathogenic strain distribution in common infection sites of febrile neutropenic patients was characterized. Bacterial resistance surveillance was better than the CHINET nationwide large sample surveillance in China.
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Objective To explore the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at admission and coronary plaque characteristics under intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) study in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods 118 patients with NSTE-ACS were divided into the low(HbA1c ≤ 5.6％), medium(HbA1c 5.7％-6.4％)and high(HbA1c ≥ 6.5％)level groups based on admission HbA1c. IVUS was performed in all target lesions. Results As compared with the other two groups, patients with high level HbA1c had higher mean body weight index, higher co-morbidities of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction.The high HbA1c level group had more diffuse coronary atherosclerosis ,increased plaque burden and higher rates of positive remodeling, soft plaque and plaque rupture. Conculsions The HbAlc level of admission is associated with plaque vulnerability in NSTE-ACS patients.
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ABSTRACT:Objective To observe the effect of curcumin on RAW264.7 macrophages induced with LPS and IFNγ(M1)and the mechanisms involved.Methods Curcumin of different concentrations (6.25 μmol/L,12.5μmol/L and 25 μmol/L)was used to treat RAW264.7 macrophages induced with LPS and IFNγ(M1)for 12 h,and RAW264.7 macrophages induced with LPS and IFNγ(M1)were incubated with 20μmol/L GW9662 and 25 μmol/L curcumin for 12 h.Using Real-time PCR,ELISA and Western blotting analysis,we examined the expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,PPARγand phenotype markers M2 (KLF4,FIZZ1,and MGL1 )and the expressions of KLF4 and FIZZ1 when PPARγwas inhibited.Results Curcumin of different concentrations all could inhibit the expressions of IL-1βand IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages induced with LPS and IFNγ(M1).Curcumin of different concentra-tions could upregulate the expression of M2 markers (KLF4,FIZZ1 and MGL1)and PPARγin RAW264.7 macro-phages induced with LPS and IFNγ(M1).When M1 macrophages were incubated with curcumin and GW9662,the expression of the M2 phenotype markers was reduced.Conclusion Curcumin polarized the M1 phenotype macro-phages derived from RAW264.7 macrophages to become M2 phenotype through activating PPARγ.
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@#Objective To observe the effects of instant hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on brain edema and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression after cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods 18 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=6),control group (n=6) and HBO group (n=6). Middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established with modified Longa method in the control group and HBO group. HBO was administered after cerebral ischemia immediately in HBO group for 60 min. They were observed with the neurological function score, brain tissue water content and AQP4 experssion 6 h after operation. Results Compared with the control group, the neurological score in HBO group improved significantly (P<0.05), while the brain tissue water content and brain AQP4 expression decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion HBO may improve the neurological function and brain edema after cerebral ischemia, which may relate with inhibiting the expression of AQP4.
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The role of general practitioners in the UK was analyzed and we found that in the UK, there was normalized general medical education system, perfect general practitioner training sys-tem, specific responsibilities and assessment index, close liaison group between primary and secondary care, strong economic supporting measures and high degree of recognition. Therefore, to deepen med-ical reform and improve basic medical service, we must accelerate general practitioners training, im-prove practice ability of general practitioners, establish the first-treatment system in community, reit-erate role of gatekeeper, enhance the payment of general practitioner and increase their sense of iden-tity. At the same time, we must strengthen the informatization construction, set up the first-treatment in the community and the patency of two-way referral system.
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Objective To observe the effects of instant hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on brain edema and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) ex-pression after cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods 18 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=6), control group (n=6) and HBO group (n=6). Middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established with modified Longa method in the con-trol group and HBO group. HBO was administered after cerebral ischemia immediately in HBO group for 60 min. They were observed with the neurological function score, brain tissue water content and AQP4 experssion 6 h after operation. Results Compared with the control group, the neurological score in HBO group improved significantly (P<0.05), while the brain tissue water content and brain AQP4 expres-sion decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion HBO may improve the neurological function and brain edema after cerebral ischemia, which may re-late with inhibiting the expression of AQP4.
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Objective To establish a method for determination of polysaccharides in Weixuening Granule, which can be used for quality control of the preparation. Methods Polysaccharides was determined by improved differential phenol-sulfuric method with glucose as reference, and the color conditions were optimized at the wavelength of 487 nm, with the concentration of phenol and sulfuric acid, and reaction time as investigated factors. Results The best color conditions of polysaccharides were 0.04 g/mL phenol 1 mL, 87.5% sulfuric acid 5 mL, and reaction time of 15 min. Glucose had a good linear relationship with absorbanceΔA at the range of 15.3-306.0μg, r=0.999 7. The average recovery was 103.5%, and RSD was 2.9%. The average content of polysaccharides in Weixuening Granule was 27.04%and RSD was 1.1%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, stable and reliable, and can be used to determine the content of polysaccharides in Weixuening Granule.
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Objective To investigate the safety of rituximab combination chemotherapy in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma (B-NHL) complicated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,and assess the incidence of HBV reactivation reduced by prophylactic lamivudine.Methods A retrospective study of HBV-related markers,HBV-DNA and liver function was performed before and after rituximabcontaining treatment in B-NHL patients.Thirty nine B-NHL patients with HBcAb(+)/HBsAb(-) were divided into prophylactic group (14 cases) and control group (25 cases).The incidences of HBV reactivation,functional damage of liver were measured.Results Among the 108 B-NHL patients who received rituximab combinatio nchemotherapy,15 (13.89 ％) were HBsAg (+) and 39 (36.11％) HBsAg (-) / HBcAb (+).Of the 15 HBsAg (+)patients,2 (13.3 ％) experienced reactivation of HBV.The prevalence of HBV reactivation was 7.7 ％(1/13) in patients who received prophylactic antiviral treatment and 50 ％ (1/2) in those who did not receivelamivudine.Among the 39 HBsAg (-) / HBcAb (+) patients,3 cases (7.7 ％) experienced reactivation of HBV.The prevalence of HBV reactivation was 0 in patients who receivcd prophylactic lamivudine treatment and 12 ％ (3/25) in those who did not receive this antiviral drug.Conclusion Prophylactic lamivudine before rituximab combination chemotherapy can reduce HBV reactivation obviously.
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Assessment mode is a bottleneck in medical education reform nowadays.Although traditional assessment tools,such as written examination,are still widely used in medical education assessments,they have obvious limitations.With the enhancement of requirements in physicians' abilities,assessments on some basic abilities of physicians are still insufficient.The United States and Europe not only focus on the curriculum reform but also the development of appropriate assessment tools,therefore,some new assessment tools are invented.These assessment tools are applicable to the formative assessment and are student-centered,being able to promote the development of education and provide new options for medical education assessments.
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Cancer cells display a decreased mitochondrial respiration along with an abnormal activation of glycolysis to satisfy the demand of the malignant growth even in the presence of oxygen.This phenomenon may be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction,hypoxia of microenvironment and the abnormal activation of upstream regulators of glycolysis pathway.Treatment targeted at the glycolysis pathway and its upstream regulators may provide a new therapeutic strategy of cancer.
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Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of different G-CSF-priming protocols on leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and U937) in vitro and provide the clinical guidance to clinical treatment of acute leukemia.Methods The leukemia cell lines HL-60 and U937 were used as model to detect the effects of three drugs alone and combined two drugs (HA) or three drugs (HAG) respectively.Cell viability and cell growth inhibition were performed by cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.Apoptotic marker AnnexinV/PI,cell membrane surface antigen CD11b,cell cycle,mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) and Caspase-3 were determined by flow cytometry.Results After using of HAG for 48 h,HL-60 and U937 cells counts were decreased significantly and the apoptotic marker Annexin V was significantly increased. To compare the single drug group with two drug combination group,the result was significantly different (P ＜0.05),and the apoptosis of U937 cells was higher than HL-60 cell line.CD11b expression among the three groups did not change (P ＞ 0.05).Using of CAG and MAG,the mitochondrial nembrane potential of HL-60 and U937cells was increased,the three-drug combination group was significantly higher than single-drug group and control group (P ＜0.05); Caspase-3 was activated,the fluorescence intensities of Caspase-3 of the three-drug combination group and single drug group were significantly higher (P ＜0.05) comparing with the control group.Conclusion HAG regimen could induce leukemia cells to apoptosis through the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of Caspase-3 to induce apoptosis of leukemia cells.
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Objective To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on expression VEGF of lymphoma cells. Methods The VEGF mRNA expression was analysed by by Real-time PCR, and VEGF protein expression in Raji and Jurkat lymphoma cell lines by ELISA. Results ATO can inhibit lymphoma cells by inducing apoptosis. ATO induced lymphoma cell apoptosis was due to time.With the period of ATO effecting on cells goes, the expression of VEGF mRNA and the protein were down-regulated significantly (after 24, 48, 72 h). There were, the VEGF mRNA △△Ct data of treated with ATO, at 12 h, for Raji: 0.75±0.15, 72 h, Jurkat: 1.67±0.13. After 72 h, Raji: 8.95±0.38; Jurkat: 9.09±0.16 (f =3.54, P <0.01; t =3.65, P <0.01). And about the VEGF protein, at 12 h, Raji: 198.38±4.37; Jurkat: 563.11±3.81. After 72 h, Raji: 23.55±2.06; Jurkat: 57.11 ±3.88 (t =2.48, P <0.05; t =2.59, P <0.05). Conclusion ATO can inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cells by down-regulating the expression of VEGF mRNA and its protein.
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Objective To evaluate the growth inhibition and apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line by using 5,8-dimethyl-2-β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (SK36) and explore its preliminary mechanism. Methods CCK colorimetric assay and cell counting was used to examine the growth inhibition of shikonin on THP-1 cells. The apoptosis of THP-1 cells was detected by Annexin V/PI double labeling. The activation of Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway was determined by FCM. The apoptosis and the necrosis of THP-1 cells were detected by the laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results When the THP-1 cells were treated with SK36 at 1.02 μg/ml for 24 h and 48 h, the growth inhibition was dose-dependent. The cell apoptotic rate of THP-1 cells treated with 1.02 μg/ml evaluated by FCM with Annexin V/PI double labeling staining were (40.61 ±2.13) % and (67.40±9.15) % at 24 h and 48 h after treatment, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group [(16.97±0.61) %] ([ = 18.444, t = 9.528, P <0.01). SK36 could induce THP-1 cells apoptosis involving the activation of Caspase-3 (F= 323.61, P<0.01). Conclusion SK36 can induce human THP-1 cells to undergo apoptosis, and its primary mechanism was to activate the Caspase-3.